Appendix A: Symbols and abbreviatio

Appendix A: Symbols and abbreviationsRT measured resistanceδo resistance offset at 0 ◦CLa/L apparent length of the TDR probes (TDR data logger output)εb bulk dielectric number (Ka), also referred to as relative permittivityεltemperature-dependent dielectric number of liquid waterεi dielectric number of iceεs dielectric number of soil matrixεa dielectric number of airθl volumetric liquid water contentθi volumetric ice contentθs volume fraction of soil matrixθa volume fraction of airθtot total volumetric water content (liquid water and ice)α geometry of the medium in relation to the orientation of the applied electrical field (see Roth et al., 1990)8 porosityZ impedanceBEC bulk electrical conductivityDsn snow depth (m)RadNet net radiation (W m−2)RadNetraw uncorrected net radiation (W m−2)Vwind wind speed (m s−1)TOC total organic carbon (%)SOCC soil organic carbon content (kg m−2)CDbulk bulk carbon density (kg m−3)ρbulk average dry bulk density (kg m−3)z layer thickness (m)