Officially employed nurses refer to

Officially employed nurses refer to nurses who are directly employed by and sign contracts with hospitals. Temporary nurses refer to nonofficially employed nurses who sign contracts with a third party and are sent to work in the hospital. Officially employed nurses had significantly higher scores than temporary nurses. Compared with temporary nurses, official employees have priority access to the hospital’s reeducation, professional development, and job promotion opportunities; they also have little or no risk of being dismissed and have a relatively stable working environment. According to Bandura’s (1986) theory, perceived self-efficacy plays an important role in self-regulation of the emotional state. When individuals face pressure or a threatening environment emotional impact, the perceived nonefficacy can induce negative emotions, such as anxiety, fear, and depression. These negative emotions further weaken the individual’s behavioral enthusiasm and disturb the normal exertion of multiple psychological functions. In contrast, a high perceived self-efficacy can result in a positive emotional experience, such as confidence (Bandura, 1986). Officially employed nurses are more confident than temporary nurses when communicating with patients from different cultures; this finding suggests that a stable work environment and promising career development opportunities are beneficial perceived transcultural self-efficacy in nurses.