For large volumes with little varia

For large volumes with little variation, the setup is often automated production lines or cells. This is done with special purposed machinery with integrated loading and unloading to ensure no human interaction. Operators are not able to work in the same space as automated machinery and are removed from the processing tasks. They are reassigned to monitoring and certifying the quality.Mass production gives benefits such as high throughput rate and low takt times. Among the disadvantages are the high initial investment, low flexibility and high setup- and changeover times.