To perform the meta-analysis, we used RevMan version 5.3 software(Cochrane Collaboration) and STATAMP 14.0 (StataCorp LP). We usedthe odds ratio (OR) and a 95% CI as a pooled measure for dichotomousdata. Inconsistency index (I2) test, which ranges from 0 to 100%, was usedto assess heterogeneity across studies. A value above 50% or p < .05 indicates statistically significant heterogeneity. We used the Mantel-Haenzselmethod for OR with a fixed-effect model for meta-analysis, and arandom-effect model was used in case of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was performed for moderate-high risk for developing CIN, PCI-onlystudies (study that enroll PCI exclusively), time-to-procedure, and thenumber of ischemia/reperfusion cycles. Sensitivity analysis was performed to find the cause of heterogeneity. Small study effect wasassessed using a regression-based test (Harbord test) for binary outcomes. All p values were two-tailed with a statistical significance set at.05 or below. The certainty of evidence was assessed by using GuidelineDevelopment Tool by GRADEpro GDT.