ment of podocytes and subsequently the func-tion of the filtration barrier, which would be atleast partially responsible for proteinuria in DN.BCL2 is a well-known prosurvival gene thatplays a critical role in a variety of cell systems,including podocytes [38]. Bcl-2 regulates celldeath primarily by controlling mitochondrialmembrane permeability and functions togetherwith caspases and other proteins in a feedbackloop system [16, 39]. Hundreds of discretemiRNA sequences have the potential to inhibitBCL2 [40-42]. Among these miRNAs, miR-134-5p may inhibit bcl-2 expression and increaseapoptosis in HG-cultured podocytes. miR-134-5p regulates BCL2 at the post-transcriptionallevel and induces apoptosis in podocytes underHG conditions by inhibiting bcl-2. Apoptoticpodocytes fail to synthesize sufficient levels ofspecific functional proteins and subsequentlyundergo actin rearrangement, thus resulting infunctional and structural defects that are simi-lar to those observed in humans and animalmodels with DN. BCL2 shRNA plasmids canalso induce podocyte apoptosis, although notat the post-transcriptional level, by targetingBCL2 expression.
ment of podocytes and subsequently the func-<br>tion of the filtration barrier, which would be at<br>least partially responsible for proteinuria in DN.<br>BCL2 is a well-known prosurvival gene that<br>plays a critical role in a variety of cell systems,<br>including podocytes [38]. Bcl-2 regulates cell<br>death primarily by controlling mitochondrial<br>membrane permeability and functions together<br>with caspases and other proteins in a feedback<br>loop system [16, 39]. Hundreds of discrete<br>miRNA sequences have the potential to inhibit<br>BCL2 [40-42]. Among these miRNAs, miR-134-<br>5p may inhibit bcl-2 expression and increase<br>apoptosis in HG-cultured podocytes. miR-134-<br>5p regulates BCL2 at the post-transcriptional<br>level and induces apoptosis in podocytes under<br>HG conditions by inhibiting bcl-2. Apoptotic<br>podocytes fail to synthesize sufficient levels of<br>specific functional proteins and subsequently<br>undergo actin rearrangement, thus resulting in<br>functional and structural defects that are simi-<br>lar to those observed in humans and animal<br>models with DN. BCL2 shRNA plasmids can<br>also induce podocyte apoptosis, although not<br>at the post-transcriptional level, by targeting<br>BCL2 expression.
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