Supply chain financial transaction itself is a kind of financial innovation activity involving multiple participants. The increase of participants will inevitably increase the possibility of the overall risk of financing trade. Coal supply chain financing combines the characteristics of the coal industry, the coal industry itself is also a high-risk industry, coal resources belong to the type of energy resources, vulnerable to the double effects of market and market. Therefore, the source of financial risk in coal supply chain is more complex than that in general supply chain and the risk factors are not easy to eliminate.