Rolls are subject to extreme operat

Rolls are subject to extreme operating conditions during the metal rolling process. Conditions include, tremendous forces, bending moments, thermal stresses, and wear. Roll materials are selected for strength, rigidity, and wear resistance. Roll materials vary dependent upon the specific metal rolling process. Common roll materials are cast iron, cast steel, and forged steel. Forged rolls are stronger and more rigid than cast rolls but are more difficult to manufacture. In industrial metal manufacturing processes, rolls are commonly made from nickel steel or molybdenum steel alloys. With metal rolling operations of certain materials, rolls made of tungsten carbide can provide extreme resistance to deflection.