As can be found from the above disc

As can be found from the above discussion, although there have been many viscoelastic analytical solutions proposed for deep-buried circular tunnels, only a few works have considered the tunnel face advancement. Moreover, the coupled effect of tunnel face advancement and rock rheology is seldom realistically considered in previous viscoelastic solutions. Therefore, in this study, coupled analytical solutions that take both tunnel face advancement and rock rheology effects into consideration are proposed for predicting the mechanical behavior of deep-buried lined circular tunnels in soft rheological rock. To account for different rheological behaviors of rocks, five types of viscoelastic models are adopted in the theoretical derivation. The analytical solutions are compared with previous corresponding solutions for particular viscoelastic models. Moreover, the effectiveness of the analytical solutions is further validated by comparing their results with corresponding finite difference simulation results. Then, based on the analytical solutions, a series of parametric analyses are carried out to investigate their influences on the stress and deformation of the surrounding rock, as well as pressure on support. Finally, the presented solutions are applied to predict the time-dependent behavior of the Lyon-Turin Base Tunnel.