Illustration of the snow data processing: the raw (a, d) and cloud-filtered (b, e) MODIS SCE images using an elevation-basedspatial filter and downscaled MERRA-2 snow depth (in meters) data (c, f) using the filtered MODIS SCE and DEM data during spring snowmelt (a–c: 23–30 April) and early snow accumulation (d–f: 30 September–7 October) period in 2007. In the MODIS images, snow-coveredareas are shown in gray, while land and cloud-covered areas are shown in black and white, respectively.