Objective of the report on cybersecurity investmentThe new report investigates how operators invest in cybersecurity and comply with the objectives of the NIS Directive. Collected from a total of 1,080 Operators of Essential Services (OES) and Digital Services Providers (DSP) from all 27 EU Member States, the data apply to reference year 2022.Scope of the reportFor the purpose of the analysis published today, the survey performed looked at OES and DSP as identified in the European Union's Directive on Network and Information Security Systems (NIS Directive). The objective of the report was to identify how organisation invest in cybersecurity in relation to the objective of meeting the requirements set by the initial NIS Directive.However, the concept of investment also extends to the human element. 2023 is the European Year of Skills. This is why particular emphasis was placed on the topic of cybersecurity skills among OES and DSPs and to cybersecurity workforce hiring and gender balance.