The antenna gave a right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) across a wide operating frequency and supported the B1I (1561 MHz) band for BeiDou, L1 (1575 MHz) GPS and E1 (1575 MHz) for Galileo. The measured S11 is shown in Fig. 6(a), indicating that the ceramic microstrip patch antenna is well matched and has -10 dB bandwidth of 59 MHz that covers the desired frequency 1561 MHz and 1575 MHz. The far-field performance of the antenna was measured in an anechoic chamber and the parameters are summarized in Table 2. The total antenna efficiencies (include the S11 mismatch) are 87% at 1561 MHz (BeiDou) and 88% at 1575 MHz (GPS/Galileo). The axial ratio was ~3 dB at both frequencies which indicated good circular polarization. The circular polarization performance is particularly important for satellite navigation applications since the relative orientation of the transmitting and receiving antennas is not fixed, and the circularly polarization is able to overcome the Faraday rotation effect due to the ionosphere thereby maximising signal reception. The measured radiation patterns at 1561 MHz and 1575 MHz of the ceramic microstrip antenna are shown in Fig. 6(b–e), respectively.