In the specific scenarios evaluated by CALiPER, at 2,000 annual operating hours, a $40 per two-lamp troffer LED system consuming 38 W was cost-effective, versus the alternative of a new high-efficiency fluorescent system, at all electric rates. At $80 per linear LED system, high electric rates of $0.18 to $0.24 per kWh were needed for favorable economics compared to the benchmark fluorescent system. At $120 per linear LED system, the life- cycle cost analysis did not show economic benefit. The LED system saved at most 22% in present-value total life- cycle cost compared to the benchmark T8 fluorescent system, and increased the initial system cost by a maximum of 45%.