The school context is also a powerful influence. In Japan, while the preparation for Lesson Study takes place outside school hours, the long-standingtradition of Lesson Study allows flexible arrangements to be made for conducting the observed lessons and the post-lesson debriefing discussions. In Australia, a major constraint to such activity is the fact that most schools wouldneed to employ casual teachers to take the place of teachers observing lessons inother classes or schools. For a more detailed discussion of some of these factors