In its anti-cancer role, p53 works

In its anti-cancer role, p53 works through several mechanisms:activating DNA repair proteins when DNA has sustained damage; arresting growth by holding the cell cycle at the G21/S regulation point on DNA damage recognition(if it holds the cell here for long enough, the DNA repair proteins will have time to fix the damage and the cell will be allowed to continue the cell cycle); and initiating apoptosis—programmed cell death—if DNA damage proves to be irreparable.68 Thus, bakuchiol’s up-regulation of p53, as noted above, adds further support to the use of this compound in preventing and/or treating cancer.Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(STAT3)Inhibiting interleukin-6(IL-6)has been postulated as an effective therapy in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases.Lee et al. have shown that bakuchiol has an inhibitory effect on IL-6-induced STAT3 promoter activity in Hep3B cells with an IC50 value of 4.57±0.45.69 In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by receptor-associated kinases and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus, where they act as transcription activators.STAT3 is essential for the differentiation of the TH17 helper T cells, which have been implicated in a variety of autoimmune diseases.70Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1(HIF-1)A methanol extract of the seeds of P. corylifolia potently inhibited hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1)activation induced by hypoxia(100% inhibition at 20 µg/mL)in a HIF-1-mediated reporter gene assay.71 Interestingly, bakuchiol is the only HIF-1 inhibitory agent(IC50 value 6.1 µM)found in this plant.