In summary, we combined ReaxFF MD s

In summary, we combined ReaxFF MD simulations and experiments to investigate the kinetics at the ZnO/HAc/water interface. We investigated the nature of the adsorption of the dissolved Zn ions during CSP, and we found that the surface hydroxylation is not a bottleneck for the recrystallization to start. In fact, the hydroxylation aids the initial ion adsorption on the ZnO surface and also enhances the surface diffusion. In addition, we revealed an accelerated water-mediated surface diffusion that can be activated during CSP. The proposed mechanism can be activated for any material; however, it can be affected by several factors such as surface hydroxylation structure and the hydration energy of dissolved species, which are also effective on the adsorption as a ratelimiting factor. Therefore, these factors should be considered during the application of CSP. Apart from the acid concentration and temperature, pressure values in CSP could also have an impact on the system performance. High pressures applied in CSP form nanometer-scale GBs, which likely create a complex regional confined-space chemistry and influence diffusion; hence, such conditions should be further investigated.