Propeller flaps are local flaps bas

Propeller flaps are local flaps based either on a subcutaneous pedicle, a singleperforator, or vessels entering the flap in such a way so as to allow the flap to rotateon their axis. Depending on the kind of pedicle and the anatomical area, thepreoperative investigation and the harvesting techniques may vary.An adequate knowledge of skin and subcutaneous tissue perfusion in the differentareas of the body is very important to plan a propeller flap to be successful.The surgeon should begin by finding the most suitable perforators in the areasurrounding the defect using available technology. The position, size, and shape ofthe flap are planned about this point.For perforator-pedicled propeller flaps, the procedure starts with an exploration fromthe margins of the defect or through a dedicated incision to visualize any perforators inthe surroundings. The most suitable perforator is selected and isolated, the skin islandis replanned, and the flap is harvested and rotated into the defect. The variations insurgical technique for other types of propellers and in specific anatomical areas are alsodescribed.