Validation site temperatures at 2 PM. (A) Site #1. Between early June and mid-July, LSTswere near freezing and the 2 cm temperatures were about the same as at 10 cm, by late Septemberincreasing to 0 C, later rising to match the LST. (B) Site #2. There was a late-June zero curtain in the LST. After the thaw, the LST was lower than the 2 cm temperature. (C) Site #3. Subsurface zero curtains, but none in the LST, occurred during both and freeze-up. The MODIS snow cove